k8s基于Ingress-nginx实现灰度发布

亦凉 2022-11-26 07:44 139阅读 0赞

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## 前言 ##

Ingress-Nginx是一个K8S ingress工具，支持配置Ingress Annotations来实现不同场景下的灰度发布和测试。 Nginx Annotations 支持以下几种Canary规则：

### Nginx ingress annotations ###

假设我们现在部署了两个版本的服务，老版本和canary版本

*  `nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-by-header`：基于Request Header的流量切分，适用于灰度发布以及 A/B 测试。当Request Header 设置为 `always`时，请求将会被一直发送到 Canary 版本；当 Request Header 设置为 `never`时，请求不会被发送到 Canary 入口。
 *  `nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-by-header-value`：要匹配的 Request Header 的值，用于通知 Ingress 将请求路由到 Canary Ingress 中指定的服务。当 Request Header 设置为此值时，它将被路由到 Canary 入口。该
 *  `nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-weight`：基于服务权重的流量切分，适用于蓝绿部署，权重范围 0 - 100 按百分比将请求路由到 Canary Ingress 中指定的服务。权重为 0 意味着该金丝雀规则不会向 Canary 入口的服务发送任何请求。权重为60意味着60%流量转到canary。权重为 100 意味着所有请求都将被发送到 Canary 入口。
 *  `nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-by-cookie`：基于 Cookie 的流量切分，适用于灰度发布与 A/B 测试。用于通知 Ingress 将请求路由到 Canary Ingress 中指定的服务的cookie。当 cookie 值设置为 `always`时，它将被路由到 Canary 入口；当 cookie 值设置为 `never`时，请求不会被发送到 Canary 入口。

### 部署服务 ###

这里我们服务的 deployment 就不展示了，service 配置如下

# 测试版本
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Service
    metadata:
        name: hello-service
        labels:
        app: hello-service
    spec:
    ports:
    - port: 80
        protocol: TCP
    selector:
        app: hello-service
    # canary 版本
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Service
    metadata:
        name: canary-hello-service
        labels:
        app: canary-hello-service
    spec:
    ports:
    - port: 80
        protocol: TCP
    selector:
        app: canary-hello-service

### 根据权重转发 ###

ingress 配置如下：

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
    kind: Ingress
    metadata:
      name: canary
      annotations:
        kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
        nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary: "true"
        nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-weight: "30"
    spec:
      rules:
      - host: canary-service.abc.com
        http:
          paths:
          - backend:
              serviceName: canary-hello-service 
              servicePort: 80

测试结果如下：

$ for i in $(seq 1 10); do curl http://canary-service.abc.com; echo '\n'; done
    
    
    hello world-version1
    hello world-version1
    hello world-version2
    hello world-version2
    hello world-version1
    hello world-version1
    hello world-version1
    hello world-version1
    hello world-version1
    hello world-version1

### 根据请求头转发 ###

`annotation` 配置如下（ingress 其余部分省略）

annotations:
      kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
      nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary: "true"
      nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-by-header: "test"

测试结果如下:

$ for i in $(seq 1 5); do curl http://canary-service.abc.com; echo '\n'; done
    hello world-version1
    hello world-version1
    hello world-version1
    hello world-version1
    hello world-version1
    $ for i in $(seq 1 5); do curl -H 'test:always' http://canary-service.abc.com; echo '\n'; done
    hello world-version2
    hello world-version2
    hello world-version2
    hello world-version2
    hello world-version2

### 根据特定的请求头和值转发 ###

annotation 配置如下:

kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
      nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary: "true"
      nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-by-header: "test"
      nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-by-header-value: "abc"

测试结果如下：

$ for i in $(seq 1 5); do curl -H 'test:always' http://canary-service.abc.com; echo '\n'; done
    hello world-version1
    hello world-version1
    hello world-version1
    hello world-version1
    hello world-version1
    $ for i in $(seq 1 5); do curl -H 'test:abc' http://canary-service.abc.com; echo '\n'; done
    hello world-version2
    hello world-version2
    hello world-version2
    hello world-version2
    hello world-version2

### 根据 cookie 转发 ###

使用cookie来进行流量管理的场景比较适合用于A/B test，比如用户的请求 cookie 中含有特殊的标签，那么我们可以把这部分用户的请求转发到特定的服务进行处理。  
annotation 配置如下:

kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
      nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary: "true"
      nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-by-cookie: "like_music"

测试结果如下：

$ for i in $(seq 1 5); do curl -b 'like_music=1' http://canary-service.abc.com; echo '\n'; done
    hello world-version1
    hello world-version1
    hello world-version1
    hello world-version1
    hello world-version1
    $ for i in $(seq 1 5); do curl -b 'like_music=always' http://canary-service.abc.com; echo '\n'; done
    hello world-version2
    hello world-version2
    hello world-version2
    hello world-version2
    hello world-version2

三种`annotation`按如下顺序匹配  
`canary-by-header > canary-by-cookie > canary-weight`

### 总结 ###

我们从以上的测试结果来看，可以把流量的转发分成以下两类：

1.根据权重

nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary: "true"
        nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-weight: "30"
    
    
                                             70%
                                          |------> 生产版本
    users --- 100% ---> Nginx Ingress ----|  30%
                                          |------> canary 版本

2.根据用户

nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary: "true"
        nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-by-header: "test"
        nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-by-header-value: "abc"
    
    
                                          others
                                      |-----------> 生产版本
    users ------> Nginx Ingress ------| "test:abc"
                                      |-----------> canary 版本

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[Prometheus Operator-_-]: http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU0NjEwMTg4Mg%3D%3D&chksm=fb638626cc140f30c8d35e45239e6b559f7369b8c58bacd157a24e7b62313c826baec75f299f&idx=2&mid=2247485747&scene=21&sn=3da14a91d75f745b26c3aa8d10361d23#wechat_redirect
[Prometheus Operator-_]: http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU0NjEwMTg4Mg%3D%3D&chksm=fb63865bcc140f4d8966d1c3745c8f69c6384337c43a1a8eda6e1ae488bd78f08e44c9553b19&idx=1&mid=2247485774&scene=21&sn=1b0301dadc4b737e19b1066219813db7#wechat_redirect
[kubeconfig_k8s_dashboard ui]: http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU0NjEwMTg4Mg%3D%3D&chksm=fb638679cc140f6f4e024f2e7739b995fc235b6f4e97983a583bc9c7e82da88cf0fbf8736fe7&idx=1&mid=2247485804&scene=21&sn=c157f0596f130bd97ec745b278546c50#wechat_redirect
[token_k8s dashboard ui]: http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU0NjEwMTg4Mg%3D%3D&chksm=fb638687cc140f918f04ca60ed188da26cd3ab37a79e6fdbf64531efd11ae60dac0a77788f7c&idx=2&mid=2247485842&scene=21&sn=163174142218e8dca3bb9a94ed173694#wechat_redirect
[kubernetes_etcd]: http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU0NjEwMTg4Mg%3D%3D&chksm=fb63853bcc140c2d4c4da1b59a4865c193383392d92075cee80530866892d8a2a365e2b4e565&idx=1&mid=2247485998&scene=21&sn=9889882d1820ac005e5512eccb67c0f1#wechat_redirect
[Linux]: http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU0NjEwMTg4Mg%3D%3D&chksm=fb638538cc140c2e581b8c673a9c529359042a2262ec112f8c3476c7408f25e04856f0b37bbd&idx=2&mid=2247485997&scene=21&sn=ac694beaf60cbf18d133eb6ebbc7a345#wechat_redirect
[kubernetes_EFK]: http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU0NjEwMTg4Mg%3D%3D&chksm=fb63851fcc140c09d17fe6e270524da6c3ec3c5f3969f6f4f61a54c54724168801d93b2cda9d&idx=1&mid=2247485962&scene=21&sn=87dfde054f2ff489a1ffd28dfe02a435#wechat_redirect
[prometheus operator_k8s_haproxy]: http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU0NjEwMTg4Mg%3D%3D&chksm=fb6386f0cc140fe6dea923cb07c2164db1c894c87d8c85d828aa269cdf4ae2d92eeb201adb67&idx=1&mid=2247485925&scene=21&sn=5ae9bc969963775e347c3a1f279d541c#wechat_redirect
[kubernetes ConfigMap]: http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU0NjEwMTg4Mg%3D%3D&chksm=fb63853acc140c2ca1dc3ca813b133ca7158c34df5cfe59cebf7621851ead91490eaabc74a1b&idx=1&mid=2247485999&scene=21&sn=f6b03745426149e498a8c7065b060e24#wechat_redirect
[format_png]: /images/20221124/439b90fa71c544898090383685c934f7.png
[format_png 1]: /images/20221124/11dfbed5536a483eb7c6aeed680885d6.png